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Redox-Driven Events in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection and their Clinical Implications.
Abstract Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by the imbalance between the production of reactive species (RS) or free radicals and their neutralization by the antioxidant defenses, leading to the accumulation of RS and their derived metabolites, with changes in the redox status of the cell. These RS can act on biological components and induce the oxidative and nitrosative reactions on lipids, proteins, and DNA. In this context, a wide variety of chronic diseases presents oxidative stress as a part of the pathogenesis, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The relationship b...
Source: Current HIV Research - March 13, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Colado Simão AN, Victorino VJ, Morimoto HK, Reiche EM, Panis C Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Association of lower adiponectin plasma levels, increased age and smoking with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with HIV-1 infection.
CONCLUSION: Low adiponectin was associated with higher cIMT in HIV-1-infected patients on cART. Low adiponectin levels in combination with age and smoking could explain, in part, the increased subclinical atherosclerosis observed in these patients. Adiponectin may be a good candidate for predicting subclinical atherosclerosis in the management of HIV1-infected patients in public health care, especially where USGD is not available. PMID: 32516102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - June 8, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Bellinati PQ, Alfieri DF, Flauzino T, Junior PFG, Rossi DJ, Breganó JW, Simão ANC, de Almeida ERD, Lozovoy MAB, Reiche EMV Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

FGF21 and its Relationship with Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in HIV Patients after Antiretroviral Treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of serum FGF21 levels due to ART is associated with the alteration in lipid profile and an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. These variations are predictors of inflammatory status in HIV patients using antiretroviral therapy. PMID: 32684151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Current HIV Research - July 18, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ruiz-Padilla AJ, Ruiz-Noa Y, Del Rocio Ibarra-Reynoso L, Lazode-la-Vega-Monroy ML, Alonso-Castro AJ, Sánchez-Barajas M, Alvarez-Alvarez RM, Del Carmen Preciado-Puga M Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Cardiac Morbidity in an HIV-1 Lipodystrophy Patient Cohort Expressing the TNF-α-238 G/A Single Nucleotide Gene Polymorphism.
Abstract In the current study we investigated the prevalence of the TNF-α 238G/A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TNF-α gene in the development of lipodystrophy among HIV-1 infected individuals who had been receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the immunodeficiency clinics of the National AIDS Research Institute (NARI) at Pune, India. We assessed the association of this SNP with the development of lipoatrophy/dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in these patients and measured carotid intima thickening which is a surrogate marker for chronic cardiac morbidity. Our results show that the incidence of ...
Source: Current HIV Research - December 2, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Mahajan SD, Gaekwad A, Pawar J, Tripathy S, Ghate M, Bhattacharya J, Singh HO, Schwartz SA, Paranjape R, Gangakhedkar R Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Recent data on adipose tissue, insulin resistance, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in antiretroviral therapy controlled HIV-infected persons
Purpose of review Increased total body fat with truncal redistribution is common in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled persons living with HIV(PLWH), leading to insulin resistance, prediabetes/diabetes and dyslipidaemia. We address these topics here. Recent findings Most antiretrovirals are associated with gain in trunk fat, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Protease-inhibitors could inhibit white fat ability to dissipate energy (i.e. beiging) favouring fat gain. Expansion of VAT is associated with a pro-inflammatory profile linked to the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and CD4+ subtypes. ART-associate...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - May 1, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV-ASSOCIATED CO-MORBIDITIES: Edited by Morris Schambelan and Todd T. Brown Source Type: research

Tropical Travel Trouble 009 Humongous HIV Extravaganza
LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog LITFL • Life in the Fast Lane Medical Blog - Emergency medicine and critical care medical education blog aka Tropical Travel Trouble 009 The diagnosis of HIV is no longer fatal and the term AIDS is becoming less frequent. In many countries, people with HIV are living longer than those with diabetes. This post will hopefully teach the basics of a complex disease and demystify some of the potential diseases you need to consider in those who are severely immunosuppressed. While trying to be comprehensive this post can not be exhaustive (as you can imagine any patient with a low ...
Source: Life in the Fast Lane - July 7, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Authors: Amanda McConnell Tags: Clinical Cases Tropical Medicine AIDS art cryptococcoma cryptococcus HIV HIV1 HIV2 PEP PrEP TB toxoplasma tuberculoma Source Type: blogs

Metabolic and Cardiovascular Complications in HIV/HCV-Co-infected Patients
This article reviews the basic science and epidemiologic and clinical evidence for increased cardio-metabolic risk among HIV/HCV-co-infected patients and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. We will finally review the impact of control of HCV viremia on the cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality of HIV/HCV-co-infected patients.Recent FindingsHCV infection is associated with a number of immune-related complications such as cryoglobulinemia but also metabolic complications including dyslipidemias, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The incidence of these complications is high...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - September 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients living with HIV
Purpose of review: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common among patients living with HIV and may lead to liver-related morbidity and mortality. Recent findings: The prevalence of NAFLD among patients with HIV is increasingly well described due to new noninvasive techniques to quantify hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Patients with HIV may be at increased risk of disease progression, though high-quality natural history studies are not available. The high rates of metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance may partially account for this excess risk, though the impact of HIV itself, antiretroviral med...
Source: Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases - January 4, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV INFECTIONS AND AIDS: Edited by David H. Dockrell Source Type: research

Earlier antiretroviral initiation is independently associated with better arterial stiffness in children living with perinatally acquired HIV with sustained viral suppression in Mozambique
Conclusion: Earlier ART initiation was independently associated with lower large artery stiffness. This effect was independent of the effect of elevated lipids, visceral fat and insulin resistance.
Source: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine - October 14, 2021 Category: African Health Authors: Igor S. Dobe Source Type: research

Cohort profile: InfCareHIV, a prospective registry-based cohort study of people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden
Purpose The Swedish InfCareHIV cohort was established in 2003 to ensure equal and effective care of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and enable long-term follow-up. InfCareHIV functions equally as a decision support system as a quality registry, ensuring up-to-date data reported in real time. Participants InfCareHIV includes data on >99% of all people with diagnosed HIV in Sweden and up to now 13 029 have been included in the cohort. InfCareHIV includes data on HIV-related biomarkers and antiretroviral therapies (ART) and also on demographics, patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures. F...
Source: BMJ Open - March 17, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Carlander, C., Brännström, J., Mansson, F., Elvstam, O., Albinsson, P., Blom, S., Mattsson, L., Hovmöller, S., Norrgren, H., Mellgren, A., Svedhem, V., Gisslen, M., Sönnerborg, A. Tags: Open access HIV/AIDS Source Type: research

Biomarkers of Growth Faltering and Neurodevelopmental Delay in Children who are HIV-Exposed but Uninfected: A Systematic Review
CONCLUSION: Elevated markers of inflammation (acute phase reactants, pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines) and intestinal microbial translocation are associated with growth faltering. Elevated markers of inflammation are associated with adverse neurodevelopment.PMID:37151070 | DOI:10.2174/1570162X21666230505152846
Source: Current HIV Research - May 8, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Reshma Sirajee Jason Brophy Andrea L Conroy Sophie Namasopo Robert O Opoka Urvi Rai Sarah Forgie Bukola Oladunni Salami Michael T Hawkes Source Type: research